Several recognized, non-replicating viral vectors have been developed for vaccines. Revealed: the protein 'spike' that lets the 2019-nCoV coronavirus pierce and invade human cells They generate both a neutralizing antibody to prevent infection, and killer T cells (cytotoxic T cells or CTL) to destroy COVID-19-infected cells. Viral vectors induce a very potent immune response. This allows the affected cells to present the COVID-19 protein antigen to the human immune system and stimulate immune defences against a COVID-19 infection. That means that once a viral vector vaccine for COVID-19 is administered, it can express the COVID-19 spike protein that is engineered into the vector’s genome. Viral vector vaccines vaccine use a safe virus to insert pathogen genes in the cell to produce an immune response.
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